When an engineer tells you "this is required by the code", they usually mean the Saudi Fire Code (SBC 801). This code is part of the Saudi Building Code and is the technical reference for fire prevention requirements in buildings and facilities: from the number of exits and corridor widths, to when sprinklers are required, how hazardous materials are stored, and how systems are maintained. Understanding its basics helps owners make the right decisions in design and operation, and avoid surprises at inspection and licensing. This guide explains what the code covers, its relationship with the building code and civil defense regulations, what it means for the owner at each stage, and existing buildings.
What Does the Code Cover?
The code sets requirements relating to facilities, processes, buildings and precautions, including:
- Fire and explosion hazards from storing, handling or using materials.
- Conditions hazardous to life and property in the occupancy of buildings.
- Construction, extension, repair, alteration and removal of fire suppression and alarm systems.
- Conditions affecting the safety of fire-fighters and emergency responders.
Its Relationship With the Building Code and Civil Defense Regulations
- The general building code (SBC 201): classifies buildings by occupancy and hazard (assembly, business, education, industrial, storage, residential...).
- SBC 801: sets fire protection requirements and the operation and maintenance of systems.
- Civil defense regulations and manuals: application, licensing and oversight; guidance manuals do not replace the code.
Main Occupancy Groups (Indicative)
| Group | Examples |
|---|---|
| A Assembly | Halls, large restaurants, mosques, sports halls |
| B Business | Offices, clinics |
| E Education | Schools |
| F Factory | Factories |
| M Mercantile | Shops and showrooms |
| R Residential | Hotels, apartment buildings, collective housing |
| S Storage | Warehouses |
The precise classification for your project is set by the engineer under the code. Read applied examples: factories, hotels and schools.
What Does It Mean for the Owner?
| Stage | What you need |
|---|---|
| Design | Safety drawings compliant with the code. Read: Fire system drawings |
| Construction | Installing systems to the drawings and specifications |
| Operation | Testing and commissioning systems. Read: The systems compliance report |
| Maintenance | Periodic maintenance; ministry requirements state installation and maintenance are the owner's responsibility |
Systems Covered by the Code
- Alarm and detection. Read: Alarm system requirements.
- Automatic sprinklers, standpipes and hose cabinets.
- Special systems such as clean agent. Read: The FM-200 system.
- Means of egress, lighting and signs. Read: Evacuation signs and escape routes.
- Portable extinguishers and their distribution.
Existing Buildings
The civil defense regulation allows buildings existing before it took effect to continue, provided there is no evident real hazard and the classification and activity remain unchanged. Read: Old buildings and current safety requirements.
Where to Find the Code
The Saudi Building Code National Center publishes the code's parts on its official website (sbc.gov.sa).
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the code binding for small buildings?
The code applies to buildings within its scope, and requirements vary by classification and area.
Is following civil defense manuals enough?
The manuals explain requirements but do not replace the code, which remains the main reference.
Who interprets the code for my project?
An engineering office specialised in fire protection.
Does the code change?
Updated editions of the code are issued, so the designer uses the edition in force at the time of design.
Does the code apply to a change of activity?
Yes, a change of occupancy requires applying the new activity's requirements. Read: Changing a shop's activity.
How Abak Engineering Consultancy Helps
Abak is an accredited engineering office in Riyadh that applies SBC 801 to your project in practice: accurate classification, system design, approved drawings and compliance reports. Learn about our safety services, or For professional support, see our Electrical Load Calculations & Reports service. contact us.
Regulatory information is based on the Balady platform and the Ministry of Municipalities and Housing, and procedures may be updated by the competent authority. Last reviewed: October 2026.